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Syrian Jews ((ヘブライ語:יהודי סוריה), (アラビア語:اليهود السوريون)) are Jews who lived in the region of the modern state of Syria, and their descendants born outside Syria. Syrian Jews derive their origin from two groups: from the Jews who inhabited the region of today's Syria from ancient times (known as Musta'arabi Jews, and sometimes classified as Mizrahi Jews, a generic term for the Jews with an extended history in the Middle East or North Africa); and from the Sephardi Jews (referring to Jews with an extended history in the Iberian Peninsula, i.e. Spain and Portugal) who fled to Syria after the Alhambra Decree forced the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 CE. There were large communities in Aleppo (the Halabi Jews) and Damascus (the Shami Jews) for centuries, and a smaller community in Qamishli on the Turkish border near Nusaybin. In the first half of the 20th century a large percentage of Syrian Jews immigrated to the U.S., Latin America and Israel. Most of the remaining Jews left in the 28 years following 1973, due in part to the efforts of Judy Feld Carr, who claims to have helped some 3,228 Jews emigrate; emigration was officially allowed in 1992. The largest Syrian Jewish community is located in Brooklyn, New York and is estimated at 75,000 strong. There are smaller communities elsewhere in the United States and in Latin America. In 2011 there were about 50 Jews still living within Syria, mostly in Damascus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.vosizneias.com/140370/2013/09/01/damascus-amid-civil-war-syrias-remaining-jews-to-celebrate-high-holy-days/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nine Months in Syria )〕 As of May 2012, only 22 Jews were left in Syria.〔(Only 22 Jews left in Syria )〕 This number was reported to be down to 18 in November 2015. ==History== (詳細はDavid, and certainly since early Roman times. Jews from this ancient community were known as ''Musta'arabim'' (Arab Jews) to themselves, or ''Moriscos'' to the Sephardim.〔This term may be derived from the Spanish for "Moorish", or may be a corruption of ''Mashriqis'', meaning Arabic-speakers from eastern countries.〕 Many Sephardim arrived following the expulsion from Spain in 1492, and quickly took a leading position in the community. In the 18th and 19th centuries, some Jews from Italy and elsewhere, known as ''Señores Francos'', settled in Syria for trading reasons, while retaining their European nationalities. Jews who are members of the Kurdish community (hailing from the region of Kurdistan) represent another portion of Syrian Jewry whose presence in Syria predates the arrival of Sephardic Jews following the ''reconquista''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=KURDISTAN - JewishEncyclopedia.com )〕 Today, there is no clear distinction between these groups, as they have intermarried extensively, and all regard themselves as "Sephardim" in a broader sense. It is said that one can tell Aleppo families of Spanish descent by the fact that they light an extra Hanukkah candle. This custom was apparently established in gratitude for their acceptance by the more native Syrian based community. In the 19th century, following the completion of the Suez Canal in Egypt in 1869, trade shifted to that route from the overland route through Syria, and the commercial importance of Aleppo and Damascus underwent a marked decline. Many families left Syria for Egypt (and a few for Lebanon) in the following decades, and with increasing frequency until the First World War, Jews left the near East for western countries, mainly Great Britain, the United States, Mexico and Argentina. Further emigration, particularly following the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, was largely caused by repetitive Muslim aggression towards the Jewish communities in Syria. Beginning on the Passover Holiday of 1992, the 4,000 remaining members of the Damascus Jewish community (Arabic ''Yehud ash-Sham'') as well as the Aleppo community and the Jews of Qamishli, were permitted under the government of Hafez al-Assad to leave Syria provided they did not immigrate to Israel. Within a few months, thousands of Syrian Jews made their way to Brooklyn, with a few families choosing to go to France and Turkey. The majority settled in Brooklyn with the help of their kin in the Syrian Jewish community. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Syrian Jews」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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